Which law, enacted in 1972, prohibited educational institutions receiving federal funding from discriminating on the basis of sex and opened doors for equality?

• A. Title IX (Education Amendments Act, 1972)
• B. Equal Rights Amendment
• C. Civil Rights Act
• D. Equal Opportunity in Education Act

Answer: (A)

This item tests understanding of a landmark law that protects against sex discrimination in education funded by the federal government. In 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments Act was enacted to prohibit educational institutions receiving federal funds from discriminating on the basis of sex in any program or activity. By applying to colleges, high schools, and other programs that receive federal support, it guaranteed equal access to courses, admissions, scholarships, and especially opportunities in sports. This change opened doors for greater equality for women and girls in both academics and athletics, shaping school policies and practices for decades. Other options either refer to initiatives that were not enacted into law in 1972, or address broader discrimination without the same targeted impact on federally funded education.