Who founded the modern Olympic movement and initially opposed women's participation in the Olympics?

• A. Pete Rose
• B. Marvin Miller
• C. Pierre de Coubertin
• D. Arnold Schwarzenegger

Answer: (C)

The main idea here is recognizing who launched the modern Olympic movement and understanding his early stance on women's participation. Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator, organized the revival of the Olympic Games and founded the International Olympic Committee in the 1890s, leading the first modern Games in 1896. He championed amateurism and international competition, but he initially opposed broad participation by women, reflecting the social norms of his time. Over the years, women began competing in increasingly many events, and the Games evolved beyond his early position. The other names listed are not connected to founding the Olympic movement.